Within the SSI training system, there are two specialties for which an open water dive is not mandatory. These courses can be completed entirely in confined water, such as a swimming pool or a similar controlled environment like the bay of Porto Mari. These specialties are Photo & Video and Perfect Buoyancy.
In practice, however, we usually choose to conduct these courses in open water as well. By practicing the skills in a realistic diving environment, you often get more out of the training and can immediately apply what you have learned during real dives.